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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of albuminuria in Chinese residents aged >35 years and its potential association with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods:A total of 34 647 Chinese subjects aged ≥35 years were selected by stratified multi-stage random sampling from 2012 to 2015. Data were collected through questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Albuminuria was categorized into 3 types according to urinary albumin-to- creatinine ratio: normal (<30 mg/g), microalbuminuria (MAU, 30-300 mg/g), and macroalbuminuria (≥300 mg/g). Measurement data were expressed as xˉ±s, and t-tests were used for comparisons between indicators. Qualitative data were expressed as rate or constituent ratio, and the χ2 test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to examine differences. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analyses. SAS 9.4 software was used for statistical analyses, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The prevalence of abnormal albuminuria was 19.1%; the prevalence was 17.2% for MAU and lower in males (13.8%) than females (20.1%, P<0.01). The risk of CVD was higher among subjects with MAU ( OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.35) and macroalbuminuria ( OR=1.86, 95% CI 1.50-2.32). When MAU was complicated by hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the CVD risk was 1.76 times higher. Conclusions:The prevalence of MAU is high among Chinese subjects aged 35 years and over. Those with MAU have higher CVD risk, especially those with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
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In this article, the method of quick and accurate identification ofAstragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var.mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao in different growth years by electronic nose (e-nose) technique and chemical analysis was developed. An e-nose was used to detect the odors ofA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus samples in two-growth-year, seven-growth year and more than a decade growth years for establishing the classification model of response characteristics. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) were performed to differentiate theA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus samples in different growth years. PCA was performed to investigate the difference in the chemical composition and quality of different growth years inA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus samples. The results of PCA and DFA analyses for e-nose demonstrated that the samples ofA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus in different growth years could be distinguished obviously. The contents of chemical composition were similar in same growth years inA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus and different from different growth years. The results of chemical composition analysis indicated that the identification forA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus in different growth years was significant for the quality control. E-nose technique could identify the samples ofA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus in different growth years rapidly, sensitively and intactly, and could be applied for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Based on the effect for replenishing Qi and preventing exhaustion, this essay provides a method to rebuild the quality evaluation system of Panax ginseng. As an independent medical system, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) science lacks enough credible evidences to support its theory and thereby wants more relevant studies. Current, it is a misunderstanding for experimental studies on TCM to prove TCM drugs from the angle of western medicine. Therefore, following study modes are recommended to researchers focusing on either the theory of the unique importance of class origin or the theory of the unique importance of techniques. Under the guidance of TCM theories, a new TCM assessment mode, consisting of clinical efficacy, pharmacological effect and effective components, is established in line with clinical application of TCMs. Studies on Chemical fingerprint or active ingredient are made on effective components. In-depth studies are worth to the viewpoint to rebuild the TCM quality reassessment system. On the basis of analysis on ancient herbal literatures and experience in clinical application of TCMs, the author proves the irreplaceable effect of P. ginseng. (pure ginseng decoction) is to replenish Qi and prevent exhaustion. Based on the major effect, a pharmacological model is established in combination with modern clinical efficacy to screen effective components of ginseng herbs and make a quality assessment on safety and efficiency of clinical application of P. ginseng, in order to provide theoretical and experimental basis for cultivation, development and utilization of P. ginseng resources on Changbai mountain.
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Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Fatigue , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Panax , QiABSTRACT
This paper briefly introduces the frame structure, design concept and main functional modules of outpatient emergency care information system developed by our hospital. This system can optimize the procedure when patients seek medical advice, create warm medical circumstances, increase work efficiency of medical care personnel, strengthen quality management of medical cases and promote hospital modern construction.